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What is bioenergy?
Bioenergy is a renewable source of energy made from organic matter, such as grains, agricultural waste like corn stover, food waste, perennial grasses, and woody materials. These materials can be made into liquid fuels, renewable natural gas, or burned in a boiler.
Most people in Illinois are familiar with a common form of bioenergy: Ethanol. Ethanol is a fuel source derived from corn and other starchy grains, which has created a major market for farmers.
Bioenergy Research
Researchers are interested in perennial grasses – primarily Miscanthus and varieties of switchgrass – that can be harvested many times after just one planting. Another benefit of perennial crops is their long root structures, which help soil health, and their ability to capture carbon.
Because research is still being conducted, there has not been widespread adoption of bioenergy from perennial grasses, but if outcomes continue to be successful, it could open the door for another farm crop, adding diversity to farm revenue.
The University of Illinois participates in bioenergy-related projects, including hosting the Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, which focuses on working with industry partners to expand markets for bioenergy.
University researchers and Illinois Extension staff are also part of the Midwest Bioenergy Crop Coalition and operate the Energy Farm near the Urbana-Champaign campus.