Lawns requiring frequent pesticide use, in particular herbicides, may have an underlying problem that is causing the repeated invasions of pests such as weeds. Correcting the problem leads to a healthier lawn that can resist weed invasions.

Good soil conditions are important for healthy lawns. Many lawns are growing on post-construction soils high in clay, compacted, and poorly drained. Aerating and topdressing with organic matter will improve these conditions. Repeated aeration may be necessary to adequately reduce soil compaction and increase the levels of soil oxygen. Another option is starting over and amending clay soils with organic matter. Soil testing is useful to identify organic matter levels.

Thoroughly preparing soils before seeding or sodding is critical. Organic products can also introduce more of the already naturally occurring soil organisms and work symbiotically with the grass plant, each giving the other what they need for better growth. A soil test is recommended to be sure other factors like pH and levels of nutrition are adequate for grass growth. It is far easier to amend the soil before sodding or seeding than to think you will come back later and fix it.

Make sure the proper grass species are used on the site. Full sun and sun/shade environments call for different grasses. In addition, consider the standard of quality desired and the intended use of the site. Each has a role in what grass to select. Kentucky bluegrass and turf-type tall fescue are the primary species for Illinois lawns in full sun; in some cases mixed with perennial ryegrass and/or fine fescues.

For shade areas, shade-tolerant Kentucky bluegrass cultivars are commonly mixed with fine fescues, yet these shady grasses do not stand up to activity very well even though there are Kentucky bluegrass cultivars in the mix.

Cultural practices also play a big role in the health of the lawn and the need for pesticides. Proper watering includes irrigating as lawns need it and getting moisture down into the root zone. Proper fertilizing includes supplying adequate nutrients and proper soil pH.

In particular, avoid excess or lack of nitrogen when using synthetic fertilizers, fertilize during cooler weather (especially early and late fall), and use controlled-release nitrogen fertilizers to avoid the swings in food availability. Don't apply high rates of nitrogen in spring.