Don’t sacrifice functional traits or adaptability to your production environment.

It is really easy to get caught up in the data, but remember these critters need to be sound and function in the pasture. Good feet and legs, a strong libido, and docility are all imperative. Masculinity, big testicles, and a tight sheath are good phenotypic indicators of the right kind. Buying bulls that are raised in similar conditions to your farm is preferred. You can buy someone else’s genetics, but you can’t buy their management.

Require a passed BSE (Breeding Soundness Exam) and farm herd health protocols.

Quarantine new purchases at least of two weeks to allow potential pathogens to break without exposing your herd. Many times ,cattle coming from a sale may experience elevated stress. It is important to keep them on good feed, in a clean pen, and allow the quarantine period to run its course.

Identify and understand Expected Progeny Differences (EPDs) and phenotypes that signify value added traits you are seeking.

Calving ease (CE) is an important and valuable trait. Sometimes when talking to producers, you hear them stressing both CE and birth weight (BW). BW is an indicator trait for CE, but you don’t get paid for light birth weight calves. You get paid by not having to invest time and labor in pulling calves. Avoid putting too much downward pressure on BW, especially if the bull will breed cows.

Another mistake often made is purchasing low BW bulls for cows. This is not necessary. Many times you can purchase a bull with average or better-than-average calving ease for cows at a discount to “heifer bulls” with comparable growth. Smooth, flat shouldered bulls with decent CE EPDs are good value bulls for breeding mature cows.

If you sell your calves at weaning through the sale barn and keep your own replacements, EPD traits of priority should be

• CE
• heifer pregnancy
• stayability
• weaning weight.

Selecting for more yearling weight, milk production, or carcass traits are much less important in this scenario. If you retain-ownership in your cattle through the feedlot and market to the packer, then yearling weight and carcass traits become much more relevant to your bottom line. Your ultimate goal should be to produce the most profitable product, thus seek traits that add value without increasing cost of production over the value of the trait.

Utilize appropriate multiple trait selection indexes.

Find the sweet spot and profitable window in milk, YW, and carcass EPDs. Avoid putting too much emphasis on one trait. Nearly all breeds now have dollar index values that help put economics to trait selection. These indexes can be extremely effective tools if the index scenario matches your operation. While we are not far from producers being able to create their own indexes, for now, it is important to read and understand what traits go into specific breed indexes.

Combined Value ($C) is one of the newest dollar values used by the Angus breed. It is an index that is expressed in dollars per head that aims to show value across the entire value chain. The index incorporates the most individual traits of any Angus $ index, but some traits are weighted more than others.

Ultimately, no index is perfect and the emphasis on certain traits may not always match your exact herd goals. However, understanding and utilizing indexes can help improve genetic value.

Don’t be fooled by index names.

Beef Value ($B) is a terminal index. It is a great tool for cattlemen that are not keeping replacements. This index will increase profitability of cattle in the feedlot and on the grid. Unfortunately, I have heard $B referred to as a comprehensive EPD index several times, which it is not. It is vital to understand that $B is a terminal index. Don’t be afraid to ask questions. The breeder or an Extension specialist will be able to help explain the numbers.

Demand higher accuracy for traits.

Technologies are available for seedstock producers to increase the accuracy of EPDs on yearling bulls. Genomic-enhanced EPDs result in less risk, less change, and more predictability in how a yearling bull will sire. A bull buyer can feel more confident now than ever in EPDs when they are backed by genomic testing.

Heterosis.

Crossbreeding systems are hard to deploy and maintain in small herds; however, leaving hybrid vigor on the table in a commercial herd is a big loss. Otherwise lowly heritable traits like reproduction, health, and cow longevity are best improved by crossbreeding. Crossbred cows and maternal heterosis is a key to profitability on commercial cow/calf operations. Studies have shown net profit per cow is increased by $75/cow/year as a result of maternal heterosis.

Buy the right size and type. Demand quality.

Compare this purchase to buying a car or truck. If you have little money for gas (feed), then don’t buy a gas (feed) guzzler. Buy a bull that fits your cow herd. Your cows will tell you the right size and milk production for your management. If they come up open, they are not the right size or maybe milk too heavy.

You also want a bull that is the right type. You don’t buy a fancy sports car for a work vehicle, so why buy a fancy, sexy bull to produce working kind cattle. There is a difference in fancy and quality.

• Demand quality.
• Select a product that will last and hold value.
• Look for signs that the breeder stands behind their product.

That is a good sign of quality.

Seek value when buying a bull.

The lowest priced bull is seldom the best valued. If you find a bull that has the traits you are looking for, buy him. Set a budget, but understand it is often hard to find everything you are looking for. Bulls with the traits you are seeking can add value to your cattle in a hurry. They can add far more value than a cow. The bull you buy this year will impact your herd for the next 5 years with his calves, but his daughters will impact your herd for the next 20 years.

Make a good investment. Buy a bull that adds value to your calves and your cowherd.