Profitability in a cow/calf operation is directly linked to reproduction.
Without reproduction, other management focuses and strategies mean very little. Likewise reproduction is a sensitive mechanism in animals and can be influenced by numerous factors. Understanding the basics needed to achieve herd reproductive efficiency goals is important to building a foundation for a successful cattle enterprise.
What does reproductive efficiency mean?
Reproductive efficiency is calculated by taking the number of calves weaned divided by the number of cows exposed to a bull or artificially inseminated, multiplied by 100. (# of Calves weaned/# of cows exposed to bull or AI) x 100
In practice, an efficient cow will calve live calves at approximately the same time every year. This makes the window for rebreeding small, between 78-86 days. This is not a simple task. Several factors can contribute to the ability for a cow to breed, such as body condition score and plane of nutrition. Overly thin cows and cows who are losing weight at the time of breeding generally do not breed or do not retain pregnancy.
Environment can also impact reproductive success. Most Illinois producers calve in early spring, which means breeding season is in the heat of the summer. Heat stress can contribute to low reproductive efficiency.
