By Travis Cleveland and Matt Gill.

The University of Illinois Pesticide Safety Education Program (PSEP)
recently released new online training courses to take the place of
traditional live training clinics that we are unable to hold due to
the ongoing pandemic. You can view a list of the available training
courses and their registration fees by visiting Illinois PSEP’s Training
& Testing web page. This web page also lists anticipated availabilities of additional
online training courses.

PSEP specialists constructed the new online training courses to
mirror the traditional in-person training clinics. They are specifically
designed to establish or reinforce the competencies required of
Illinois Pesticide Applicators. As with the in-person training clinics,
these courses can provide valuable tools in preparation for their
respective licensure exams administered by the Illinois Department of
Agriculture.

Access to each course is available for a 30-day window upon purchase. While each course provides a linear flow of content that builds upon itself, you are free to navigate the course in any order you wish. Your progress will be automatically saved so that you can quickly pick up where you left off. You may review the course content as many times as you would like during your access window.
Courses are broken down into bite-sized training modules that help encapsulate specific topics and concepts. Content is delivered in short videos and immediately followed with knowledge check questions. While entirely optional, these questions will help you to determine your exam readiness and any concepts or topics you may want to reinforce in your exam preparation.

To register, or for additional information regarding online training, please visit Illinois PSEP’s Training & Testing web page.

By Matt Gill 

As COVID has restricted in-person gatherings, traditional large-capacity pesticide applicator testing sites will not be available for some time. While the Illinois Department of Agriculture (IDA) is working to provide in-person testing sessions as soon as permissible, an online option will also be offered to all who choose to utilize it.

IDA has several online exams available now, with a plan to have all exams available by February 2021. Once available, each exam will remain open through at least July 2021. Each online exam is remotely proctored and requires a $12.00 fee per exam attempt for the proctoring service itself. The fee is payable, by credit card only, at the time of scheduling your exam appointment.
In order to utilize the online testing option, you will need to ensure you have access to the following:

1. A Windows or Mac Computer with the Google Chrome internet browser installed
   -Computer must have only one monitor (screen) at the time of the exam
   -Chromebooks, tablets and other mobile devices are not compatible
2. A functioning webcam (can be built-in to a laptop)
3. A functioning microphone (can be built-in to a laptop/webcam)
4. A strong internet connection (1 Mbps minimum, >12 Mbps recommended)
5. A private, quiet room
6. One form of government-issued photo ID (i.e. Drivers License, etc.)
7. (Optional) A calculator (Computer calculator apps, smartphones, smart watches or other smart devices will not be allowed)

To get started with the online testing option, follow the instructions listed on the University of Illinois Extension – Pesticide Safety Education Program’s “Training & Testing” webpage.

For those who choose to test in-person, IDA plans to offer testing sessions as early as January 5, 2021. The State’s COVID regulations limit location availability and session capacity. Sessions require pre-registration, and no Walk-Ins will be permitted. For more information and to pre-register for a session, you can check out the Illinois Department of Agriculture’s In-Person Testing webpage.

By Jean Miles and Sarah Hughson

This article provides answers to questions about
PSEPs new Online Trainings and Online Exams. This article was written 12/07/2020. Any future
updates to this FAQ will be available at our FAQ page.

Registration & Training Questions
Where can I register for Online Training and Online Exams?
Visit the PSEP Website and click the orange bar at the bottom of the Training & Testing page to
browse the Online Trainings and Online Exams available and begin the registration process.

How long will I have access to my Online Training?
After registration, you will have 24-hour access for 30 consecutive calendar days. This will
include the capability to watch and replay the training as many times as you like and at your own
pace.

How long is each Online Training and Online Exam available for registration?
New Online Trainings and Online Exams will be released from November, 2020 through February,
2021, and will remain open for registration through June, 2021. Some trainings have already been
released. Check the table of release dates for each training and exam on the Training & Testing page on the PSEP Website.

Does each employee at my company have to create an individual account for Online Training?
Yes, each individual must have a unique account associated with their email address
to confirm their account. This allows each person to earn a certificate of completion and earn continuing education credits for those who need them.

What is the format of the Online Training like?
Each training includes introductory content explaining how to use the course, video modules with
optional knowledge check questions and optional additional resources. To get a closer look at the
trainings before registration please visit our Online Training – A Closer Look page.

Exam Questions
How much time is given for each exam?
You will be given 3 hours to complete each exam. However, most people do not need the full 3 hours
to complete the exam. On average, people complete the General Standards Exam in 1 ½ hours,
Private Applicator Exam in 1 hour and Commercial Applicator Category Exams in 1 hour.

Do I have to pass my General Standards Exam before attempting an Applicator Category Exam?
Yes, you must pass the General Standards Exam before attempting an Applicator Category Exam.

I am an Applicator, can I take my General Standards Exam before the Category Exams become
available, or am I required to wait and take them together?
You can take your General Standards Exam any time prior to your Applicator Category Exam; you do
not have to wait for the release of other exams. When beginning your Online General Standards Exam
you will be asked to check a box indicating that you intend to take an Applicator Category Exam in the future.

When will I receive my exam score?
Your score and whether you’ve passed will be shown on the screen immediately after completing the exam.

Why is the exam $12?
Pesticide Operator and Applicator Exams are required by law to be proctored. The $12 goes to the online exam proctoring service, ProctorU, which will proctor all exams. It is not paid to University of Illinois or Illinois Department of Agriculture. Any questions about rescheduling, payments or refunds should be directed to the ProctorU Website where you can submit a request.

What do I do if I need to reschedule my Exam?
It is best to choose a time you are sure will work for you, because time slots may fill up quickly and another time slot may not be available in the same week. If you must reschedule, do so before you miss the exam. Any questions about rescheduling should be directed to the ProctorU Website where you can submit a request.

What are the system requirements for the Online Exam?
You will need a computer with internet, a camera, a microphone and the Chrome browser for the Online Exam. You will also have the opportunity to test your system within ProctorU and view an example exam in Moodle prior to beginning your real exam. For a detailed list of system requirements for the Online Exam, please visit the ProctorU Website.

What if I’d prefer to take my Exam In-Person?
In-person testing is available, free of charge, on a limited basis through Illinois Department of Agriculture. Online registration for in-person exams is available on the IDA Website or by phone at 800-641-3934 or 217-785-2477.

Licensing Questions
Where do I get information regarding licensing?
Visit the Illinois Dept of Agriculture’s Website or call IDA at 800-641-3934 or 217-785-2427.

Continuing Education Credits
Can I earn continuing education credits from the Online Trainings?
Yes, you can earn continuing education credits. Each training that offers credits will give instructions on how to gain the credits. These include completing every video in the training which will provide you with a certificate of completion. Some trainings will ask for your information to report to the crediting association and some will allow you to self-report to the crediting association. A list of courses that allow the viewer to earn continuing education credits are:

Technical Help
What do I do if I need technical help with registration for Online Training or Testing?
If you are unsure how to register for the training after reading the instructions on the PSEP Website, please call the PSEP office for registration assistance at 800-644-2123 or 217-244-2123.

What do I do if I need technical help with Online Training?
If you are unsure how to use the training after reading the instructions or have other technical questions a contact form will be available at the top of each Online Training page. Please be patient. One of our educators will get back to you as soon as they can.

What do I do if I want to reschedule an exam, ask a question about payments or ask a general question about exam proctoring?
Any questions about rescheduling, payments or refunds should be directed to the ProctorU Website where you can submit a request.

By Michelle Wiesbrook

EPA is taking the next step in its regulatory review of paraquat dichloride (paraquat), a widely-used herbicide. As outlined in the proposed interim decision for paraquat, the agency is proposing new measures to reduce risks associated with paraquat in order to better to protect human health and the environment. These measures include:

• Prohibiting aerial application for all uses and use sites except cotton desiccation;
• Prohibiting pressurized handgun and backpack sprayer application methods on the label;
• Limiting the maximum application rate for alfalfa to one pound of active ingredient per acre;
• Requiring enclosed cabs if area treated in 24-hour period is more than 80 acres;
• Requiring enclosed cabs or PF10 respirators if area treated in 24-hour period is 80 acres or less;
• Requiring a residential area drift buffer and 7-day restricted entry interval (REI) for cotton desiccation;
• Requiring a 48-hour REI for all crops and uses except cotton desiccation; and
• Adding mandatory spray drift management label language.

In addition, EPA is proposing to allow truck drivers who are not certified applicators to transport paraquat when certain conditions are met. Read the proposed interim decision here. Upon publication of the Federal Register notice, public comments will be accepted for 60 days in docket # EPA-HQ-OPP-2011-0855 until December 22, 2020 at regulations.gov.

Background
Paraquat is applied annually to control invasive weeds and plants in more than 100 crops—including cotton, corn, and soybeans, and there are presently no direct alternatives to this product. Because all paraquat products are Restricted Use Products, they can be applied only by certified pesticide applicators.

EPA has taken proactive steps, outside of the standard registration review process, to ensure paraquat is used in a manner that is safe and consistent with the label directions. This includes a safety awareness campaign and changes to labels and product packaging to stop improper uses, which have led to poisonings and deaths. Additionally, specialized training for certified applicators who use paraquat was released earlier this year to ensure that the pesticide is used correctly. EPA is continuing to evaluate the effectiveness of these measures as the agency works to complete the required registration review process.

The proposed interim decision (PID) for paraquat is the third step in EPA’s four-step process for evaluating a pesticide registration application that EPA conducts at least every 15 years. It is not a denial or an approval of the active ingredient.

In the PID, EPA proposes mitigation measures to reduce the human health and ecological risks identified in the agency’s human health and ecological risk assessments (step two). The agency published the draft risk assessments for paraquat in October 2019. The ID is the fourth step in the registration review process. In the ID, EPA finalizes mitigation measures to reduce the human health and ecological risks.

Additional information on the proposed interim decision for paraquat is available on EPA’s website.

As a reminder, online Paraquat Training is available online.  NPSEC is currently revising the label-mandated paraquat training to include the following changes:

• Closed-system Requirement – As of December 31, 2020, paraquat registrants will no longer be able to distribute or sell paraquat products in containers less than 120 gallons without closed systems for removing product from the original container, any subsequent transfer of the product, and complete removal and rinsing of the product container. However, dealers and distributors will be permitted to continue to sell paraquat products that do not meet the closed-system requirement until their stocks run out.
• Jar Testing – Tank-mix compatibility testing, aka jar testing, is prohibited. Users are advised to check the product website for a list of some products that have been evaluated for compatibility.

Sources:
EPA Press Release, October 22, 2020
NPSEC email, November 30, 2020

By Maria Turner

At the end of October, the U.S. EPA released the new dicamba labels for use over dicamba resistant soybeans and cotton crops. The three labels are XtendiMax, Engenia, and Tavium. The registration for these labels has been extended until 2025. There are some changes to take note of. This chart shows how the new labels differ from the 2018 labels of Xtendimax, Engenia and 2019 label of Tavium.

Source: https://www.dtnpf.com/agriculture/web/ag/crops/article/2020/10/28/breakdown-changes-2020-dicamba, Emily Unglesbee, DTN Staff Reporter

The new labels provide some new flexibility for growers and states. According to the US EPA, “there are opportunities for growers to reduce the downwind spray buffer for soybeans through use of certain approved hooded sprayers as an alternative control method.” States may also enact further restrictions utilizing Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) Section 24 (a). Corteva’s FeXapan label has not been reregistered yet but is in the process currently. Be sure to stay tuned for more information throughout the winter.

Sources
EPA Announces 2020 Dicamba Registration Decision
New Dicamba Labels- A breakdown of changes to the 2020 Dicamba Labels
Illinois Dicamba Used on Soybeans: Training for Applicators

By Travis Cleveland.

The Worker Protection Standard (WPS) is a regulation intended to reduce the risks of illness or injury to workers and handlers resulting from occupational exposures to pesticides used in the production of agricultural plants. The WPS was first issued by the EPA in 1992 and was revised in 2015. The 2015 revision introduced a new application exclusion zones (AEZ) provision, with the goal of further protecting workers and others from pesticide exposure during pesticide applications. The EPA defined the AEZ as “the area surrounding the application equipment that must be free of all persons other than appropriately trained and equipped handlers during pesticide applications.” In response to feedback from stakeholders and to reduce regulatory burden, the EPA recently announced revisions to the AEZ definition and requirements. The changes clarify and simplify the AEZ requirements while still providing the necessary protections for agricultural workers and the public. The revised AEZ requirements take effect on December 29, 2020.

The EPA amended the AEZ definition to “the area surrounding the point(s) of pesticide discharge from the application equipment that must generally be free of all persons during pesticide applications.” The changes clarify where the AEZ distance begins (point of discharge) and emphasize that the AEZ must generally be free of all persons. They added “generally” because there are a few exemptions and exceptions, such as trained and equipped handlers involved in the application may be within an AEZ during application.

The EPA made the following changes to the AEZ provision:

• Limits the AEZ requirements to within the boundaries of the agricultural establishment.
  • The handler/applicator is not responsible for implementing AEZ requirements off the establishment, where the owner lacks control over persons in the AEZ.
  • No changes were made to the “Do Not Contact” provision that prohibits a handler/applicator and the handler’s employer from applying a pesticide in such a way that it contacts workers or other persons directly or through drift.
• Addresses issues raised about when handlers may resume an application that has been suspended
  • Clarifies that handlers may resume a suspended application when no workers or other persons (other than appropriately trained and equipped handlers involved in the application) remain in an AEZ within the boundaries of the establishment.
  • Adds language to allow applications to be made or resumed while persons not employed by the establishment are present on easements that may exist within the bounddepending on the terms of the easement, the owner or agricultural employer may be unable to control the movement of people (e.g., utility workers) within an easement. The “Do Not Contact” provision, however, still applies.
  • Allows owners and their immediate family (as defined in 40 CFR 170.305) to shelter in place inside closed buildings, housing, or shelters within the AEZ, and allows applications performed by handlers to proceed provided the owner has instructed the handlers that only the owner’s immediate family are inside the closed shelter and that the application should proceed despite their presence.
• Clarifies and simplifies the AEZ requirements for outdoor production.
  • Eliminates language and criteria pertaining to spray quality, droplet size, and volume median diameter, and using only “sprayed applications” as the criterion.
  • Limits the criteria for 100-foot AEZ distances for outdoor production to pesticide applications made by any of the following methods: 1) aerially; 2) by air blast or air-propelled applications; or 3) as a fumigant, smoke, mist or fog.
  • Establishes a 25-foot AEZ for all sprayed applications made from a height greater than 12 inches from the soil surface or planting medium, and no longer differentiate between sprayed applications based on the spray quality or other factors for setting different AEZ distances for outdoor production.
• Expands the exemption for owners of agricultural establishments and their immediate families to exempt them from the requirement to leave the AEZ when in an enclosed building.
  • EPA anticipates family members will take appropriate steps to protect each other. Providing this exemption reduces burden on owners of agricultural establishments.
  • This exemption should not negatively impact farm owners or their immediate families because family members will still be subject to the “do not contact” provision and other safety measures outside of the enclosed building.
  • This revision should not impact WPS protections for farmworkers, handlers or their families because owners will still have to observe AEZ requirements for non-family-member employees or other persons on the establishment and must ensure applications will not contact anyone on or off the establishment.

The EPA is confident that the revised AEZ and existing no-contact provisions will ensure the protection of workers and persons in areas where pesticide applications are taking place.

Adapted from EPA Releases.
Pesticides; Agricultural Worker Protection Standard; Revision of the Application Exclusion Zone Requirements. Federal Register. Vol. 85, No. 211. Pg. 68760-68782.
2020 Final AEZ Provisions Frequently Asked Questions

The Pesticide Stewardship Alliance will be holding their 2021 Annual Conference virtually on February 2-4, 2021.

Some features include:

Keynote Speaker Robert Saik
Food 5.0 How We Feed The Future
To feed the world in the next thirty years, farmers must increase food production by 60 to 70 percent. They need support from the general public that is unaware of how farming operates. Saik explains a farming future where new technologies like sensors, robotics, and machine learning make infinite sustainability achievable.

Keynote #2 Michelle Miller "The Farm Babe" and Kevin Folta
Genes and Pesticides – Communicating Complex Subjects with a Concerned Public

Some topics at this virtual conference include:

• COVID-19, Pesticides, and the Healthcare Workforce
• Recent updates to Hazardous Waste Rules
• How to Develop an Agricultural Waste Pesticide Collection Program
• Container Management – Recycling End Use Developments
• Use of Alternative Approved Respirators for Application

Registration information forthcoming. Check the TPSA website for updates.

Download, save, and share the 2020 November/December issue of the newsletter. 

The development and publication of this newsletter has been supported with funding from the Illinois Department of Agriculture.

Michelle Wiesbrook, Extension Specialist, Pesticide Safety Education

The Illinois Pesticide Review is published six times a year. For more information about pesticide safety or for more issues of this newsletter, please visit us at www.pesticidesafety.illinois.edu. You can also reach us at 800-644-2123.

Disclaimer: Mention of trade names in this newsletter is for general information purposes only and does not constitute endorsement of one product over another, nor is discrimination intended against any product.

Copyright © 2020, Board of Trustees, University of Illinois

We’re on Facebook!  Follow our University of Illinois Extension Pesticide Safety Education (PSEP) page for updates on programs, news, and events.

By Matt Gill and Travis Cleveland.

Listen to the audio version of this article.

University of Illinois’ Pesticide Safety Education Program (PSEP)
will not offer in-person training during fall 2020 or spring 2021.
The decision to cancel in-person training was based on the health
of not only clinic attendees, but the staff and the surrounding
community with whom we share spaces. Additionally, in-person
training was not financially feasible given the current restrictions
which limit event attendance to the lesser of 50 persons OR
50% of the overall room capacity. In place of in-person training,
we plan to offer the following resources to individuals preparing
for Illinois Pesticide Certification Exams during the COVID-19
pandemic:
 

Training Option A: Online Training
In place of PSEP’s in-person training clinics, online courses will
be made available for most of our traditional training categories.
To best serve our diverse clientele, the courses are designed to be
completed asynchronously (i.e. on your own schedule and at your
own pace). Each course will guide you through lessons instructed
by PSEP specialists, and keep you engaged with plenty of exam prep
questions along the way.
 

Training Option B: Self-Study Publications
If you would rather study with a pen and paper instead of an
iPad, PSEP has an option for you as well. Training Manuals are
available for each category of licensure. Accompanying fill-in-the-
blank-style workbooks are available for common categories,
which will help guide you through the manual and prepare you for the associated exam.
Illinois Department of Agriculture (IDA) anticipates 15,000 – 20,000 certification exams will be offered during the 2021 certification year. In a typical year, most of these exams would be administered at in-person training and testing clinics. In the absence of in-person training clinics, IDA will utilize online testing and limited in-person testing to meet certification needs.
 

Testing Option A: Online Testing
Certification exams will be available in an online format through a commercial proctoring service. Exam length and time allotment will be similar to that of in-person testing. However, individuals will need to schedule each exam with the proctoring service, and pay the service’s $12 proctoring fee.
 

Testing Option B: In-Person Testing
For those needing an alternative to online testing, IDA will continue to offer in-person testing for all certification exams. Due to social-distancing requirements and occupancy restrictions, there will be limited availability of in-person testing sessions. IDA is working to increase location availability, and this will likely evolve rapidly over the next several months.
We are working to provide access to training and testing as soon as possible. With that in mind, the planned rollout of online training and testing will roughly follow the traditional availability of training sessions. The table printed below lists the tentative schedule. To keep up to date with training and testing availability options, please visit: pesticidesafety.illinois.edu

By Sarah Hughson

Listen to the audio version of this article.

The Illinois Pesticide Safety Education Program Ornamentals (SP39-3) Manual has been updated for 2020 and is now available on the University of Illinois Extension PubsPlus storefront. Each copy of the manual costs $15 plus shipping and handling.

The Ornamentals Manual is tailored to the needs of commercial applicators managing ornamental plants in landscapes, nurseries and greenhouses and can be used for study or quick reference. The new version of the manual includes updated information on integrated pest management practices, diseases, insects, weeds, equipment, and calibration unique to ornamental areas. The manual includes color images of common pests and diseases, as well as, tables and keys to help identify pests based on pest appearance and signs of injury present on plants.

The Ornamental Manual is intended for commercial and non-commercial applicators who are preparing for their Ornamental Pest certification exam offered by Illinois Department of Agriculture.

By Michelle Wiesbrook

Listen to the audio version of this article.

Fall can be an excellent time for cleaning up your chemical storage area. Now is the time to get rid of any old or unwanted pesticides while this growing season’s use is still fresh in your mind. The household hazardous material collection schedule has been released to the public. More information can be found below. Here are a few options you have for disposing of your old or unwanted pesticides:

1. Use them up. You can usually apply them to a labeled-use site regardless of whether or not pests are present. Be sure to read and follow all label directions. Sometimes pesticides are taken off the market, or certain uses are removed from the label. In those cases, existing stocks can typically still be used. Rarely does US–EPA order a stop-use on the product. However, it is illegal to apply old stocks of chlordane or 2,4,5-T. To learn about the registration status of your product in question, you can contact the manufacturer or the Illinois Department of Agriculture, (217)785-2427.
2. Give them away. Fellow neighboring gardeners may be interested in your castoffs. It’s not recommended that you sell unwanted pesticides. To sell a pesticide legally, it must still be in the original packaging with the complete label. If the pesticide is restricted use, you must be licensed in order to sell it. If the product registration has been cancelled, selling is illegal.
3. Take them to a hazardous waste collection event. The Illinois Environmental Protection Agency (IEPA) has scheduled a few one-day household hazardous waste (HHW) collection events to be held across Illinois this fall. See below for the schedule.

For a list of household hazardous waste materials that are acceptable or unacceptable at these collections, please visit the Illinois EPA’s Website.

If in doubt, it may be best to first contact the Waste Reduction Unit of the IEPA at (217)524-3300.
There are special hazardous material collection events for other non-household types of pesticides:

• Agricultural pesticides are collected at various scheduled “Agricultural Pesticide Clean Sweep” events. Contact the Illinois Department of Agriculture, (217)785-2427, for more information.
• Structural pesticides (those used by professional applicators to control pests in and around structures) are collected at “Structural Pesticide Clean Sweep” sites. Contact the Illinois Department of Public Health, (217)782-4674, for more information.

One-day Collection Schedule
Please note that some dates and events have already passed and are therefore, not listed here.

September 26: Kankakee
Kankakee Community College
100 College Dr.
Kankakee, IL 60901

October 3: Du Quoin
Du Quoin Elementary school
845 E Jackson St.
Du Quoin, IL 62832

October 10: Watseka
Iroquois County Administration Building
1001 E. Grant St.
Watseka, IL 60970

November 7: Springfield
Illinois State Fair Grounds (specific location TBD)
801 E. Sangamon Ave
Springfield, IL 62702

One-day collections are open from 8 am to 3 pm on the above scheduled Saturdays. Please note these are open to all Illinois residents. In addition, the following long-term facilities are available for disposal of HHW. Please phone ahead to determine availability and open hours.

City of Chicago:
Household Chemicals and Computer Recycling Facility
1150 N. North Branch on Goose Island
Tues: 7 am - noon
Thursday: 2 pm - 7 pm
First Saturday of each month: 8 am - 3 pm
For information: (312) 744-3060

Rockford:
Rock River Reclamation District
3333 Kishwaukee
Sat: 8 am - 4 pm
Sun: Noon - 4 pm
For information: (815) 987-5570
http://knib.org/recycling/green-guide/household-hazardous-waste-site/

Naperville:
Household Hazardous Waste Facility
156 Fort Hill Dr.
Sat: 9 am - 2 pm
Sun: 9 am - 2 pm
For information: (630) 420-6095
https://www.naperville.il.us/services/garbage-and-recycling/household-hazardous-waste-facility/

Lake County:
The Solid Waste Agency of Lake County (SWALCO) currently operates a long-term household chemical waste collection program. Information and a collection schedule can be found on the SWALCO Website or by calling (847) 336-9340.

For questions concerning the IEPA’s one-day or long-term collections, please call the Waste Reduction Unit at (217) 524-3300.

By Maria Turner

Listen to the audio version of this article.

Each year since 1944, the third week of September has been recognized as National Farm Safety and Health Week. Governor Pritzker proclaimed the week of September 20-26, 2020 National Farm Safety and Health Week in Illinois, with the theme “Every Farmer Counts”. There is nothing I am more passionate about than farm safety. Growing up in central Illinois on our family farm, I have been a part of or been witness to many accidents that could have been prevented, such as:

• falling off of a moving loaded hay wagon and breaking an arm,
• running in the dark after goats that got out from not closing a gate and tripping which caused 3 broken bones,
• riding bareback through a field on a running horse that spooked while attempting to jump a log, throwing a rider overhead, and
• burning a pile of leaves on a windy day that caught fire to the wheat field.

Accidents happen, right? As a kid, I know I pushed the envelope many times, and my mom always said that my guardian angel was working overtime.
Agriculture safety just stuck with me as I grew up. I met more people that had been involved in farm-related accidents and read more about farm safety. In my graduate studies, I focused on agriculture safety and health education and training first responders in grain entrapments. Today, I continue that work professionally for pesticide applicators but also personally for the twin daredevils I am raising. Together we practice safety skills and I hope to make them more aware of hazards.
The accidents that occurred to me as a child pale in comparison to more serious accidents that others have experienced, such as:

• a lost limb from an entanglement,
• a lost life in a tractor-automobile collision accident,
• an animal attack, or
• a grain entrapment.

So as we get ready to begin another busy harvest season, it is important for farm workers to stay safe. It is time to bring awareness to farm safety and prevent accidents. The latest data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics shows the agriculture sector is still the most dangerous in America. Each year the farming profession sees 581 fatalities, which equals 23 deaths per 100,000 workers.

A checklist of items that you should consider on your farm as you prepare for the harvest season includes the following:

Equipment Maintenance
To prevent your tractor and other important farm equipment from breaking down, make a list of what needs to be done to maintain them. Schedule time for these tasks to ensure they are completed.

Machinery entanglements are the leading cause of injury and death on the farm. Do everything you can to prevent it – including guarding or shielding all moving parts on machinery, and keeping bystanders and children away.

Lighting and Signage
As we prepare equipment to head out on to the roads, we should check lights and signals to ensure they are working properly. Be sure to check that slow moving vehicle (SMV) signs are attached and cleaned. Doing this, makes the SMV’s much more visible as the days are getting shorter and darker. When possible, avoid traveling on roadways during the busy morning and evening commute times. Use an escort vehicle when necessary.

Grain Bin Safety
Grain bins are one of the biggest safety hazards for farmers. Depending on the size and speed of the unloading auger, a person can be completely engulfed in less than 30 seconds, leading to suffocation. It is very important to be aware of the dangers around grain bins. Be sure not to enter a bin when the equipment is running. Grain should not be emptied or moved around when a person is in a bin. Use a harness or lifeline when working above the grain and use a long pole from the outside of the bin to break up the crusted grain.

Rest
We also need to make sure that we are getting enough sleep. It is easy to want to push on even when you are tired, but you are more likely to take shortcuts and make mistakes that could injure yourself or others when you are fatigued.
It is not a good option to turn to extra coffee, double espresso, or other caffeinated drinks as they will not give your body the rest it needs.

Nutrition
Eating nutritious snacks throughout the day can provide energy as well as mental food that your brain needs to make clear decisions and actions. Snacks should be items like nuts, fruits, vegetables or even some small grains. Trail mix can be easily made or bought in a pre-packaged amount and can provide a lot of great nutrition!

Personal Protective Equipment
Use personal protective equipment such as earplugs, gloves, and safety glasses when appropriate.
Even though farm safety week is over, we all should continue to do our part to make this a safe, healthy, and bountiful harvest season.

Download, save, and share the 2020 September/October issue of the newsletter. 

The development and publication of this newsletter has been supported with funding from the Illinois Department of Agriculture.

Michelle Wiesbrook, Extension Specialist, Pesticide Safety Education

The Illinois Pesticide Review is published six times a year. For more information about pesticide safety or for more issues of this newsletter, please visit us at www.pesticidesafety.illinois.edu. You can also reach us at 800-644-2123.

Disclaimer: Mention of trade names in this newsletter is for general information purposes only and does not constitute endorsement of one product over another, nor is discrimination intended against any product.

Copyright © 2020, Board of Trustees, University of Illinois

We’re on Facebook!  Follow our University of Illinois Extension Pesticide Safety Education (PSEP) page for updates on programs, news, and events.

By Travis Cleveland, adapted from an Illinois Department of Agriculture July 15, 2020 press release.

Listen to the audio version of this article.

The Illinois Department of Agriculture has announced the single day collection sites and dates for the 2020 Pesticide Container Recycling Program. Dates and locations are available on the Illinois Department of Agriculture website. 

Year-round disposal is available at two permanent collection sites. Please call to ensure the facility will be open.

• Carrollton, IL. CHS Inc., contact Bryan McMurtrie, 217-942-6991
• Lawrenceville, IL. Klein Flying Service, contact Robert Klein, 618-884-1040

The Illinois Department of Agriculture is encouraging farmers and agrichemical facilities to save their empty agrichemical containers. Beginning in late July, and continuing in August, sites throughout the state will collect containers. The containers will be recycled to make shipping pallets, fence posts, drainage tubing, plastic lumber and other useful products. Over 1.6 million pounds of plastic have been collected since the program started more than 20 years ago.   

Metal and household pesticide containers are not eligible for the recycling program. Collection sites will accept only high-density polyethylene, #2 plastic agrichemical containers that are clean and dry.  Participants are responsible for rinsing them and removing all caps, labels, booklets and foil seals.  

The Illinois Department of Agriculture sponsors the program in conjunction with the Agriculture Container Recycling Council, GROWMARK, Inc., the Illinois Fertilizer and Chemical Association, Container Services Network, Illinois Farm Bureau, and University of Illinois Extension.

To obtain a free brochure about the program, call the Illinois Department of Agriculture toll free at 1-800-641-3934.

Preparing pesticide containers for recycling:

Rinsing right after use is the best way to ensure a clean container. Depending on what system fits your operation, you can either triple rinse or pressure rinse your containers. Your local agricultural chemical dealer can give you more information about pressurized rinse systems.

Triple Rinsing

1. Fill the empty container about 20% full with water.
2. Replace cap securely and shake the contents to rinse all inside surfaces.
3. Pour rinse water into spray tank and drain for at least 30 seconds.
4. Repeat steps 1-3 twice more until container is clean.
5. Inspect the container (inside and out) for formulation residues. Repeat as needed.

Pressure Rinsing

1. Use a special nozzle attached to a water hose.
2. Hold the container upside down over the spray tank with the cap removed. Puncture side of container with the pointed nozzle.
3. Pressurized water cleans the inside surfaces while the rinsate flows into the spray tank.
4. Rinse for 30 seconds or longer while rotating the nozzle to rinse all surfaces.

Inspect the container (inside and out) for formulation residues. Repeat as needed.

By Maria Turner

Listen to the audio version of this article.

Proper storage of pesticides is essential for protecting not just the chemical but also animals and people. Some items to consider are the container, temperature, and location of the storage of the pesticides. These conditions can have an impact on their shelf life.   

Temperature extremes in the pesticide storage area can potentially pose several problems. Extreme temperatures can change the chemistry of some pesticides inside their containers, as well as potentially damage the container itself. We often worry more about freezing and thawing than extreme heat, but often don’t think of storage conditions in vehicles. Our trucks, tractors, and other application equipment are not a place for daily storage during the application season. Be sure to take out what will be needed for the day and park in the shade so that the product does not reach over 100 degrees Fahrenheit. The average temperature range for storing liquid pesticides is typically between 40 to 100 degrees. Check the pesticide label for specific temperature ranges for storage.

Temperature extremes can reduce the effectiveness of pesticides. In the summer, excessive heat can cause some pesticides to volatilize and drift away from the storage site. Additionally, some pesticides are flammable. Excessive heat can also damage the integrity of the pesticide container. High temperatures can cause plastic containers to melt and some glass containers to explode.

Regardless of the season, pesticides should always be stored in the original container.  The container is specifically designed to store and protect the product; an alternate container might not be able to do the same.  Whether it is the thickness of the material or the lid type that matters, the original container is always best. Be sure to keep the original label affixed to the container. This will provide information on proper storage, disposal, application, ingredient names, as well as any emergency information needed. Don’t leave it up to memory, if the label falls off, stains, or tears. Be sure to contact a dealer for a new container/or label. Labels can be found online but the version may not be for the product you have. It’s best to consult with the manufacturer for guidance, and once a replacement label is obtained, attach it to the container. If storage information cannot be found on the label, contact the manufacturer of the pesticide. 

For more information about storage, be sure to check out the National Pesticide Information Center’s website or the article by the University of Missouri Extension, “Temperature Effects on Storage of Pesticides”.

By Michelle Wiesbrook and Aaron Hager, updated from a 2016 article by the same authors.

Listen to the audio version of this article.

On average, each year the Illinois Department of Agriculture (IDOA) receives approximately 120 pesticide misuse complaints, of which 60% are pesticide drift complaints.  Many of you know that the number of complaints has been much higher in recent years due to the allowed use of dicamba on soybeans and the apparent extreme sensitivity of surrounding plants to small amounts of dicamba.  Detailed label restrictions were quickly put into place to reduce the incidence of drift with those products.  Regardless, drift complaints have been around for as long as pesticides have and certainly, dicamba is not the only one to blame.  It’s July and we are in the midst of the growing season for gardens, landscapes, and field crops.  At this point, thousands of acres have been sprayed with herbicides and the emails concerning possible herbicide injury to non-target plants have started to come in.

With the physical off-target movement of pesticides, prevention is key.  Applicators should take steps to prevent physical drift and most do.  No applicator wants their pesticide to move away from the intended location.  Neighborly discussions before pesticides are applied are important so applicators understand if sensitive plants are growing near the application site.  In the unfortunate case that drift has occurred, it’s a good idea to know the basics of the complaint process and what resources are available to you.

Before doing anything, both parties should make an effort to discuss the suspected drift incident and rule out other possible causes of the damage.  In cases where the cause of the damage remains unclear or where the parties will not work together, a formal complaint may be necessary.

The IDOA and University of Illinois Extension have important but different roles in assisting citizens of Illinois in dealing with pesticides. These roles are based on the IDOA’s responsibilities to administer and enforce the laws related to the use of pesticides and University of Illinois Extension’s responsibilities to educate and solve problems.

“The University of Illinois Plant Clinic does not perform pesticide residue testing. Plant Clinic staff will examine plants to identify pests and pathogens present on the sample which could be causing the symptoms. This allows clients to rule out other possible causes for the injury. Staff and specialists can also note if the symptoms on the sample are consistent with the applied chemicals listed on the sample submission form. Due to COVID-19, the Plant Clinic operations have changed a bit and staff may be limited. Please contact the Plant Clinic at plantclinic@illinois.edu with questions about sample submission and shipping.”

The IDOA has three roles that impact its handling of pesticide-drift complaints. These roles are (1) education and licensing of applicators and operators via the Pesticide Safety Education Program, (2) investigation of complaints, and (3) enforcement of pesticide laws. The roles of IDOA are determined by laws and statutes passed by the Illinois legislature or the federal government.

If you choose to file a complaint with IDOA, time is of the essence. The pesticide drift complaint process is started by filling out a pesticide misuse/incident complaint form or by calling IDOA's Bureau of Environmental Programs at 1-800-641-3934 (voice and TDD) or 217-785-2427.  Due to limited staffing from COVID-19, you may need to leave a detailed phone message.  Additional information on pesticide uses and misuses can be found on the agency’s website.

Complaint forms must be received by IDOA within 30 days of the incident or within 30 days of when the damage was first noticed. Complaints filed after that will be kept on record, but no administrative action can be taken.

The complaint process

Once a complaint is filed with the department, a field inspector is assigned the case. In most cases, the inspector will interview the complainant and inspect the site. Various types of samples, such as plants, water, or soil, may be collected for analysis at IDOA’s in-house laboratory.

Due to COVID concerns this season, field inspector contact with complainants and applicators will mostly be limited to phone conversations unless proper social distancing guidelines can be maintained. 

The inspector may also interview applicators in the area, examine pesticide records and collect weather data in an attempt to determine the nature and cause of the damage. The field investigator will then submit a report to the Department for review.

Both parties will receive written notification if the Department finds a violation and takes an enforcement action. Penalties range from advisory or warning letters to monetary penalties of $750 to $10,000, depending on the type and severity of the violation. Penalties are determined through a point system defined in the Illinois Pesticide Act.

Even if a violation of the Illinois Pesticide Act cannot be substantiated, both the complainant and the alleged violator will be notified in writing of the complaint's status. Remember, the Department's role in pesticide misuse incidents is limited to determining whether a violation has occurred. IDA cannot help complainants recover damages.

Certainly, it is easiest and best to prevent physical herbicide drift from occurring.  Drift can be extremely expensive and often results in poor neighbor relations.  

Additional information for use when handling potential drift injury

A free, useful resource that includes information and helpful tips on preventing and dealing with the off-target movement of herbicide applications is an online module titled, “Herbicide Tolerant Crop Stewardship”.  Especially useful would be chapter 5, “Avoiding/Handling Injury.”  While it was created with producers in mind, it would also be beneficial to homeowners, gardeners, and really anyone who grows plants.

Another useful resource for sale is the booklet, Field Guide to Herbicide Injury on Landscape Plants. This guide can assist with the challenging task of diagnosing herbicide injury.  It features photographs of specific injury symptoms that resulted from a field trial of various ornamental and vegetable species.

By Maria Turner

Listen to the audio version of this article.

On June 3, 2020, a ruling for the immediate cancellation for the registrations of Xtendimax, FeXapan and Engenia was issued in the case of National Family Farm Coalition vs. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Case No. 19-70115, in the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. On June 8, 2020, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announced a final cancellation order for these three dicamba products. The EPA’s final cancellation order outlines limited and specific circumstances under which existing stocks of the three affected dicamba products may be used. The Illinois Department of Agriculture (IDA) created an FAQ on how to handle the use of existing stocks, as use of these products must be consistent with the previously-approved labeling. In Illinois, the application cutoff date was extended from June 20 to June 25, 2020 to help growers use existing stocks.

Any remaining product must now be returned to the registrant or disposed of following the registrant's instructions for disposal. Be sure to check with the registrants for guidance. Tavium is not subject to the cancellation order since it was not included in the EPA’s 2018 registration decision, but an applicator must follow all label requirements, including the Illinois 24c Special Local Need Label application restrictions.

So how will this impact the misuse and complaint numbers for 2020?  The short answer is that we are not sure yet. The 2020 cutoff date was 30 days earlier than last year leaving a much shorter window for application. Doug Owens with the IDA reported the number of dicamba complaints as of July 17, 2020 is 71. This is considerably less than in 2019 at this time, but with the delayed planting last season and extended deadline for use of dicamba until July 15, 2019 the numbers are not synchronous. We will know in a couple more weeks if dicamba can maintain a “social distance” between neighboring fields for this season.  

Sources:

IDA press release, 6/11/20

IFCA Press Release, 6/2020

Download, save, and share the 2020 July/August issue of the newsletter. 

The development and publication of this newsletter has been supported with funding from the Illinois Department of Agriculture.

Michelle Wiesbrook, Extension Specialist, Pesticide Safety Education

The Illinois Pesticide Review is published six times a year. For more information about pesticide safety or for more issues of this newsletter, please visit us at www.pesticidesafety.illinois.edu. You can also reach us at 800-644-2123.

Disclaimer: Mention of trade names in this newsletter is for general information purposes only and does not constitute endorsement of one product over another, nor is discrimination intended against any product.

Copyright © 2020, Board of Trustees, University of Illinois

We’re on Facebook!  Follow our University of Illinois Extension Pesticide Safety Education (PSEP) page for updates on programs, news, and events.

By Maria Turner

Listen to the audio version of this article

Pesticide applicators are finding that acquiring Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) required for applications is now challenging as PPE is in short supply. Because many of the sales of respirators, face shields, and N95 face masks are being directed to health care workers and those working on the front line to protect from COVID-19, it is leading to a shortage for the agriculture industry. Increased PPE production might be too late for most agriculture operators and applicators to get them in time for spring and summer applications.

Homemade face coverings are easily accessible and an acceptable form of protection from COVID-19 but are not adequate for applying pesticides. A pesticide label includes a list of required PPE. The label is a legal document and must be followed. So what should an applicator do if they are unable to secure the necessary equipment?

Do your homework early:

• Read the labels of the pesticides you intend to use for the season. If there are items that you can’t secure, consider an alternate product that does not require that level of PPE.
• Pesticides may not be applied without the label-required PPE.
• Understand no exemption or relaxation of the requirements has been made by EPA for fit testing or PPE.
• Use a higher level of PPE. The disadvantage to this is that it may be more uncomfortable, more expensive and could be unavailable.

• Talk with the University of Illinois Pesticide Safety Education team about alternative practices or products that do not require as much PPE.

Places to Find Alternative Products and Practices:

• CDMS Label Database: http://www.cdms.net/Label-Database
  Crop Data Management Systems (CDMS) works with key pesticide registrants, hosting their current labels and Safety Data Sheets online.

• PICOL: https://picol.cahnrs.wsu.edu/Home/Index
  Pesticide Information Center Online (PICOL) for WA and OR: The search menu can find products by crop and pesticide type, and filter by target pest to seek out alternatives, and view current approved labels.

• Agrian: https://home.agrian.com
  Works with manufacturers to have labels and other supporting documents. This search engine has a safety tab that lists the PPE requirements without having to search the label. The pesticide label can also be referenced.

• USDA Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Database: https://ipmdata.ipmcenters.org
  Documents include common pests by crop, and a variety of pest management options.

• NPIC’s Product Research Online: http://npic.orst.edu/NPRO
  Search for federally-registered pesticides by crop or by pest, and read labels online.

• OHSA’s Enforcement Guidance for Use of Respiratory Protection Equipment Certified under Standards of Other Countries or Jurisdiction during the Coronavirus 2019 Pandemic: https://www.osha.gov/memos/2020-04-03/enforcement-guidance-use-respiratory-protection-equipment-certified-under
• FDA -Use of Respirators, Facemasks, and Cloth Face Coverings in the Food and Agriculture Sector During Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic: https://www.fda.gov/food/food-safety-during-emergencies/use-respirators-facemasks-and-cloth-face-coverings-food-and-agriculture-sector-during-coronavirus

Resources:

https://aapse.wildapricot.org/COVID-19PPE/

https://ucanr.edu/blogs/blogcore/postdetail.cfm?postnum=41188

6. Adhere to the cut-off dates: There are three cut-off dates for dicamba application, and WHICHEVER COMES FIRST, you must comply with these cut-off requirements:

• No more than 45 days after planting (5/20/20, Dr. Aaron Hager adds that if replanting is necessary, the original planting date must be used for determining the application cut-off date. Clearly delineate and document the replant areas separately.)
• Not beyond the R1 stage of growth (the Tavium label states not beyond V4)
• Not after June 20, 2020

7. Other considerations: One of the most common questions IFCA receives is “how many violations can an applicator receive before their license is suspended or revoked?”
   
   There is no specific number of violations that trigger a suspension or revocation. The Illinois Pesticide Act authorizes the Director of IDA to modify, suspend or revoke any license after an opportunity for an administrative hearing. The Director is also authorized to suspend any license before a hearing when it is in the interest of the people of the State of Illinois.
   Be advised that spraying after the cut-off date could be considered cause for license suspension.
   
   Another common question is whether IDA is required to find fault if dicamba symptomology is present. Again, each case is different. The Pesticide Act establishes point values for Use and Violation criteria. The Act also establishes what administrative actions or monetary penalties must be imposed based on those point values. Bear in mind that the majority of pesticide labels declare that it is the applicator’s responsibility to comply with the label requirements and avoid drift.

If you any questions regarding compliance with the dicamba labels and recordkeeping, please contact IFCA.  Feel free to share this guidance document with your farmer customers.

Dicamba labels including the Special Local Needs labels, recordkeeping forms and other helpful resources can be downloaded at https://ifca.com/IllinoisDicambaTraining/Resources.

IDA provides dicamba guidance at https://www2.illinois.gov/sites/agr/Pesticides/Pages/Dicamba.aspx.

By Sarah Hughson
Listen to the audio version of this article

On May 3, 2020, articles and videos discussing the first instance of Asian giant hornets (Vespa mandarinia) identified in the US began to run in the national news. These headlines have raised concern about this animal and may leave some wondering if they have seen it or if we need to worry about it in Illinois. Here are the answers to some frequently asked questions about Asian giant hornets:

Where has Asian giant hornet been found in North America?

In September 2019, a nest of Asian giant hornets was found and destroyed on Vancouver Island in British Colombia, Canada. In Washington State, there were 3 photo sightings, each of a single hornet, in August, October and December of 2019. The December photo was of a dead hornet that was later submitted to experts and confirmed as an Asian giant hornet. This hornet was the only confirmed Asian giant hornet in the US.

What is being done to detect and remove them?Washington State Department of Agriculture has already begun monitoring the areas where the hornets were sighted and the surrounding counties to determine if any hornets are present. Monitoring efforts include traps baited with food or pheromone attractants to capture foraging adults and infrared monitoring to identify potential nest sites. If Asian giant hornets are identified, they will be eradicated. There have been no sightings or trap captures so far in 2020.

Asian giant hornet (Vespa mandarinia), Washington State Department of Agriculture , Washington State Department of Agriculture, Bugwood.org

Where is the hornet from and how did it get to the US?

Asian giant hornets are native to forested areas in east Asia and southeast Asia. They occur in multiple countries but are most common in Japan. It is unclear how the hornets arrived in North America.

Are they in Illinois?

 No. There have been no reports of Asian giant hornet in Illinois or anywhere in the US outside of Washington State. The hornets are not capable of reaching Illinois without being transported by humans. If a sighting is ever confirmed in Illinois, United States Department of Agriculture, Illinois Department of Agriculture and University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign will release a Pest Alert to notify the public and the media.

How can they impact human health?

Like our native hornet species, Asian giant hornets sting only if they are threatened or defending their nest. These hornets may also defend the nests of other insects they intend to use as food for their young, creating an additional situation where they could feel threatened and sting. Asian giant hornets feed on honey bees (Apis mellifera), so beekeepers are more likely to encounter these hornets. Beekeeping protective clothing is not thick enough to prevent stings from this hornet so beekeepers should not approach the hornets.

The media has reported that people can be killed by Asian giant hornet stings. This is not the normal outcome of a single sting. Most people who have died after being stung by this insect were stung many times or had allergic reactions. This hornet’s venom is similar to that of other hornets but, because it is so large, it injects more venom and can have a greater impact on human health. Protecting people is one of the primary goals in monitoring and controlling these insects.

How can they impact honey bees and wildlife?

While adult Asian giant hornet workers feed on sweet foods like fruit and sap, they collect protein-rich foods to feed their larvae. These foods are usually other insects, including honey bees. Unlike Asian honey bees (Apis cerana) in the hornet’s native range, European honey bees in the US, are unable to defend themselves against this predator. A group of worker hornets can enter a honey bee hive and kill nearly all of the bees inside, but this occurs only in the late summer, when the hornets are collecting food for their young. In Japan, screens or small bars are placed over hive entrances to allow the bees to come and go but prevent hornets from entering. Currently, we do not know how these hornets could impact native bees or other wildlife. Protecting wildlife and honey bees are among the main reasons to closely monitor and control the hornets.

What should I do if I see one?

If you think you have seen this animal, do not approach it or attempt to remove a nest without professional help. Instead, contact University of Illinois Extension and let them know what you have seen. There is a good chance that the insect you are seeing is European hornet, baldfaced hornet or eastern cicada killer, which are all large wasps that occur in Illinois. Extension educators can provide identification and notify Illinois Department of Agriculture and United States Department of Agriculture if necessary.

• University of Illinois Extension

European hornet

European hornet (Vespa crabro), Allan Smith-Pardo, Invasive Hornets, USDA APHIS PPQ, Bugwood.org

European hornet (Vespa crabro) was introduced to the US in the 1800s as a biocontrol agent and has become established in the Northeast, South and parts of the Midwest, including Illinois.

European hornet is about 1 inch long with a yellow and black abdomen. The black bands on the abdomen extend into a V-shape over the center of the first few segments. Each abdominal segment has a black spot on the left and right side. For comparison, the Asian giant hornet is 1.5 – 1.75 inches long and noticeably bulkier than our local hornets. Asian giant hornet has an orange head and an abdomen with orange and black stripes, so if the wasp you see has strong yellow coloration on the abdomen, it is more likely a European hornet.

The nesting sites of these species also differ. European hornets usually nest in tree holes but Asian giant hornet is a ground nesting species that may choose a nesting site in an abandoned animal hole in a forested area.

European hornet is unlikely to sting but may approach or bump into a person to intimidate them so they leave the area. They usually only sting if handled or stepped on.

Baldfaced hornet

Left: Baldfaced hornet (Dolichovespula maculata), Johnny N. Dell, Bugwood.org
Center: Baldfaced hornet (Dolichovespula maculata), Whitney Cranshaw, Colorado State University, Bugwood.org
Right: Baldfaced hornet (Dolichovespula maculata), David Cappaert, Bugwood.org

Baldfaced hornets (Dolichovespula maculata) are found throughout most of North America. They are 0.5 - 0.8 inches in length and appear bulkier than other native wasps of a similar size. Adults have a black body with distinct white markings on their head and white banding on the last few segments of their abdomen. Asian giant hornets are at least twice the length of the average baldfaced hornet worker and at least twice as wide. Asian giant hornet has a bright orange head and an abdomen with orange and black stripes. While baldfaced hornets appear bulky and proportionately similar to Asian giant hornets, the white markings on the head and abdomen will let you know that you have encountered baldfaced hornet and not Asian giant hornet.

Baldfaced hornets build papery football-shaped nests on tree branches or shrubs. The nests are positioned at least 3 feet above the ground and some can be located very high in trees. In contrast, Asian giant hornets nest in the ground in forested areas.

Like many bees, wasps and hornets, baldfaced hornets will sting if they feel threatened or if their nest is disturbed. However, they are a species of yellowjacket and like other yellowjackets, they may feel threatened and sting if you are too close to a nest or if they are swatted or otherwise threatened while foraging. It is a good idea to avoid baldfaced hornet and yellowjacket nesting sites and give foragers a respectful distance.

Eastern cicada killer

Left: Cicada killer (Sphecius speciosus), David Cappaert, Bugwood.org
Center: Cicada killer (Sphecius speciosus), Nancy Hinkle, University of Georgia, Bugwood.org
Right: Cicada killer (Sphecius speciosus), Jim Occi, BugPics, Bugwood.org

Eastern cicada killers (Sphecius speciosus) are large wasps native to most of the eastern US. The cicada killer is 1.5 inches long, with a red to brown head and a black abdomen with uneven yellow banding. The Asian giant hornet is similar in length measuring 1.5 – 1.75 inches long but much bulkier. Asian giant hornet has an orange head and an abdomen with orange and black stripes.

Their nesting sites also differ from those of the Asian giant hornet. Cicada killers are not social insects, each female digs a hole in an open area with bare soil where she rears her young. Female cicada killers collect cicadas and bring them back to their hole to feed the young. Asian giant hornets are eusocial, with many individuals living in a nest and working together to rear their young. Asian hornets prefer to nest in the ground in forested areas away from open areas and humans.

Male cicada killers defend a territory where they may approach people who pass within the boundary. While this is an intimidating behavior, male cicada killers do not have a sting and cannot harm you. Female cicada killers do have a sting but usually do not approach people and only sting if handled or stepped on.

Additional Resources:

Asian giant hornet and human health. Washington State Department of Agriculture. https://agr.wa.gov/departments/insects-pests-and-weeds/insects/hornets/agh-human-health

Asian giant hornet fact sheet. 2020. Susan Cobey, Tim Lawrence and Mike Jensen. Washington State University Extension. https://s3.wp.wsu.edu/uploads/sites/2091/2020/04/AGHPreReview4Factsheet.pdf

Asian giant hornet: What gardeners need to know. Washington State Department of Agriculture. https://cms.agr.wa.gov/WSDAKentico/Documents/Pubs/831-AsianGiantHornet-FactSheet-Gardeners.pdf

Asian giant hornet: What outdoor workers need to know. Washington State Department of Agriculture. https://cms.agr.wa.gov/WSDAKentico/Documents/Pubs/834-AsianGiantHornet-FactSheet-OutdoorWorkers.pdf

New pest response guidelines. 2020. Amber Tripodi and Trace Hardin. United States Department of Agriculture. https://cms.agr.wa.gov/WSDAKentico/Documents/PP/PestProgram/Vespa_mandarinia_NPRG_10Feb2020-(002).pdf

Sizing up the Asian giant hornet. Washington State Department of Agriculture. https://agr.wa.gov/departments/insects-pests-and-weeds/insects/hornets/size-comparisons

By Michelle Wiesbrook

Listen to the audio version of this article

As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, cleaning and disinfecting surfaces remains an important part of preventing the spread. Unfortunately, it can be difficult to determine the difference between facts and myths regarding COVID-19. When used properly, disinfectants can be effective against the spread of diseases such as COVID-19. However, when used incorrectly, they can cause harm. Exposure too soon after use can irritate the skin. A freshly wiped down shopping cart can be hazardous to a child who is placed inside before the product has dried. Additionally, due to supply shortages of certain cleaning products and sadly an abundance of misinformation on social media, many have taken a do-it-yourself approach when it comes to disinfecting, whether it be mixing different cleaners or using them in an unlabeled manner. As a result of these misuses of cleaning products, several poisonings have occurred unfortunately. 

The American Association of Pest Control Centers has issued an Alert titled, “Using Disinfectants:  COVID-19”. The goal is to get the word out about preventing poison exposures to commonly used medicines, hand sanitizers, and cleaning products. A primary point addressed in the alert is that disinfectants are not intended to be used on the skin or in the body. Tips on preventing harmful exposures as well as links for more information and emergency numbers are provided as well. This resource can be found at:  https://piper.filecamp.com/uniq/tWyujn4aphIEG7lh.pdf.

On April 30th, the National Pesticide Information Center (NPIC) and the American Association of Poison Control Centers worked in conjunction to host a Disinfectant Q&A on Facebook. Commonly asked safety questions about disinfectants were addressed and can be found at https://www.facebook.com/aapcc. Scroll down their page to find the posts. Questions such as these are answered:

• How often should I be disinfecting “high-touch” surfaces?
• Why shouldn’t I use a disinfectant on food packaging or produce?
• Will my protective equipment still be effective if I try to disinfect masks or gloves for COVID-19?
• I can’t find disinfectants (or hand sanitizers) at the store. I saw a great recipe online, what are the risks if I try DIY?
• Why can’t I spray disinfectants into the air to kill COVID-19?
• What are the differences between sanitizers, disinfectants and antiseptics?

Additionally, EPA has created a poster on “6 steps for Safe and Effective Disinfectant Use” available at:  https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2020-04/documents/disinfectants-onepager.pdf.

NPIC has created a new infographic to help people navigate disinfectant label directions at:   http://npic.orst.edu/outreach/covid-infographic.pdf

For assistance with finding disinfectant products that are effective against COVID-19, check EPA’s List N which is featured on a newly revamped website. At https://www.epa.gov/pesticide-registration/list-n-disinfectants-use-against-sars-cov-2. Additionally, there is a new app to launch which allows for easier sorting and searching of disinfectant products. It can be found at: https://cfpub.epa.gov/giwiz/disinfectants/index.cfm. For further assistance, check out “Help with Selecting Disinfectants for COVID-19” in the last issue of this newsletter, at https://extension.illinois.edu/newsletters/illinois-pesticide-review-newsletter/marchapril-2020#anchor-1. These steps can protect consumers from purchasing illegal and unregistered disinfectant products. EPA and Customs Border Protection have been working diligently to stop those sales and seize illegal products. 

Sources:

EPA email 4/24/20 and 5/12/20.

NPIC email 4/30/20.

American Association of Poison Control Centers news release 4/23/20.

Download, save, and share the 2020 May/June issue of the newsletter. 

The development and publication of this newsletter has been supported with funding from the Illinois Department of Agriculture.

Michelle Wiesbrook, Extension Specialist, Pesticide Safety Education

The Illinois Pesticide Review is published six times a year. For more information about pesticide safety or for more issues of this newsletter, please visit us at www.pesticidesafety.illinois.edu. You can also reach us at 800-644-2123.

Disclaimer: Mention of trade names in this newsletter is for general information purposes only and does not constitute endorsement of one product over another, nor is discrimination intended against any product.

Copyright © 2020, Board of Trustees, University of Illinois

We’re on Facebook! Follow us for updates on programs, news, and events.

By Michelle Wiesbrook

**Updated with a link to the new workbook on 4/16/20.

Listen to the audio version of this article

The impact of the COVID-19 (novel coronavirus) continues to create uncertainty and concern both globally and here in our community. Following Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines, the University of Illinois has implemented social-distancing protocols that impact all university events. Illinois Extension, as the outreach program of the university, aligns with all policies related to public health and safety.

The Pesticide Applicator Training and Testing Clinics jointly administered by the Illinois Department of Agriculture (IDA) and University of Illinois Extension Pesticide Safety Education Program (PSEP) are cancelled for the remainder of the clinic season (through May). Refunds will be issued as soon as possible.

For those currently licensed, but needing to retest:  The Illinois Department of Agriculture will extend licenses that expired on December 31, 2019 until December 31, 2020.  If license verification is required, contact IDA at AGR.CLM@illinois.gov or (217) 785-2427. 

For those who are unlicensed and would like to become an operator for 2020:  Due to the special circumstance, non-certified applicators (operators) will not have a testing requirement for the remainder of 2020. Operators must continue to work under the direction of a certified applicator and receive general pesticide training. The supervising applicator must be certified in each category applicable to the pesticide use.  A training option is this video, Agricultural Worker and Handler Pesticide Safety Training at https://vimeo.com/215241678.

For those NOT currently licensed and still needing to test in either General Standards or any category:  All in-house testing has been suspended.  IDA is offering online testing for a limited number of exam categories.  To request and register for an exam, please carefully follow the instructions at https://www2.illinois.gov/sites/agr/Pesticides/Pages/online-testing.aspx.  Please note that these exams are being offered in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.  IDA has stated that all individuals who take an online exam to receive a temporary license will be required to re-test in 2021.    

For those who still have licensing and testing questions:  Please consult IDA’s FAQ site at https://www2.illinois.gov/sites/agr/Pesticides/Pages/Cancellations-FAQ.aspx.

For those who need training:  PSEP offers several online trainings that can be used for individual study. For those preparing for the General Standards exam, the Private Applicator course online can serve as a substitute.  **A new workbook created for this purpose in English only is now available.**  Registration is required and the fee is $15.  For more information, visit www.pesticidesafety.illinois.edu.

For those who need study materials:  Manuals and workbooks are available for order at pubsplus.illinois.edu. Shipping delays will likely occur due to the shelter in place mandate and restrictions in campus mailing.  We are currently unable to accept publication orders through the Pesticide Safety Education Program's website.

Training and testing opportunities will be available at a later time, once stay at home restrictions are lifted.  We are already starting on the 20-21 training and testing season schedule.  Please consult the University of Illinois PSEP Facebook Page for up-to-date information regarding training and testing.

By Maria Turner

Listen to the audio version of this article

In general, disinfectants control a wide range of pathogens that are or could be a problem on hard, porous and/or nonporous surfaces. These pathogens may include; Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli (commonly known as E. coli), and even some strains of the flu. Some pathogens are known problems; some are not likely to be an issue; and others are emerging and therefore have been unavailable to study. In the midst of the novel coronavirus pandemic, we are turning to disinfectants for help, but how do we know if they are effective?

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) registers disinfectants for use and, as such, classifies pathogens into three tiers: small non-enveloped viruses, large non-enveloped viruses, and enveloped viruses. According to EPA, corona viruses are enveloped viruses, which is the easiest tier of virus to kill with the appropriate disinfectant product. The criteria for that classification is based on how the three types are inactivated by disinfectant. When an emerging viral pathogen is identified, a disinfectant manufacturer has to provide evidence to EPA that their particular product can be effective against the pathogen if they wish to make pesticidal claims against that pathogen. 

Normally, in order for a product to endorse a claim to kill a pathogen, it must first prove its ability to be effective against the known pathogen with extensive scientific research, which takes considerable time. In the case of an emerging pathogen, time is of the essence. The EPA offers guidance to registrants on the required criteria when making claims on emerging pathogens not previously listed on their label. This guide, “Emerging Viral Pathogen Claims for SARS-CoV-2: Submission Information for Registrants” can be found at: https://www.epa.gov/pesticide-registration/emerging-viral-pathogen-claims-sars-cov-2-submission-information-registrants. The provisions allow manufacturers to be able to request an amendment to the label by proving that the disinfectant has provided efficacy against harder-to-kill pathogens. (For example, Rotavirus is harder-to-kill than SARS-CoV-2). The EPA reviews the claim to determine its safety and then can approve the claim, thus allowing the manufacturer to make off-label claims to the public. The scientific testing will still need to be conducted and submitted to EPA, but this expedited process can be used to get something in place immediately.

As many products are coming to market, the EPA has been helping manufacturers work through the amendments and create a list of products that can be used against SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus that causes COVID-19. EPA is referring to this list as “List N”. When purchasing a product, consumers can check the EPA registration number to see if it is included on the list and will therefore be effective against COVID-19. This list, found at: www.epa.gov/pesticide-registration/list-n-disinfectants-use-against-sars-cov-2, is being updated frequently. The label and table images below are provided as an example of what to look for. Again, refer to the website for an up to date list. 

In List N, the column that reads “Follow the directions and preparation for the following virus” shows Rotavirus, and the question might be asked, why doesn’t it say SARS-CoV-2?  This column lists either viruses that are another type of human coronavirus similar to SARS-CoV-2 or viruses that are harder-to-kill than the human coronavirus.  EPA allows both.  Be sure to note the next column over.  Pay close attention to the contact time, which is the amount of time the surface should be visibly wet, which is listed in minutes.

 Before making your final selection and heading to the check out, be sure to fully read the directions for use on the product’s label. Special attention should be given to the contact time on the surface that is treated so there is full effectiveness. Carefully follow all label directions. If a product is not on the list, it has not been qualified for use against COVID-19. Remember that disinfectants are pesticides and the label is the law. For additional information about using disinfectants effectively with steps to reduce your risk while using them, check out http://npic.orst.edu/ingred/ptype/amicrob/covid19.html.

References:

https://www.epa.gov/coronavirus

https://www.epa.gov/newsreleases/epa-releases-list-disinfectants-use-against-covid-19 (March 5, 2020)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4369385/

https://www.cnn.com/2020/02/26/health/lysol-clorox-coronavirus-disinfectants-trnd/index.html

https://www.infectioncontroltoday.com/covid-19/select-effective-disinfectants-use-against-coronavirus-causes-covid-19

By Sarah Hughson

Listen to the audio version of this article

The University of Illinois Plant Clinic is currently open and accepting samples. The Plant Clinic is running on a reduced staff in accordance with social distancing guidelines. As a result, fewer staff are in the lab and they have a reduced ability to return phone calls. They ask that clients please send an email, which can be replied to by staff members even when they are not present in the lab. However, if a client does not have access to email, they are welcome to call and leave a voicemail with their question and contact information, and a staff member will call them back when they are able.

Submitting samples

Samples can be submitted by mail or dropped off at the Plant Clinic with slight changes in procedure:

Mail Samples:

• Please use USPS to ship samples and email the Plant Clinic with the tracking number, if there is a tracking number. Mail is currently arriving once or twice per week, but low numbers of samples are being submitted so they are being processed very quickly.
• If UPS or FedEx are used, clients MUST provide a tracking number. Neither UPS or FedEx are currently delivering to the building so Plant Clinic staff have to go pick up packages (they won’t know to expect a package without a tracking number).

Drop-off Samples:

• Samples can be left in a large, green, drop-off box located at the south doors of Turner Hall (opposite the greenhouse). A map of the drop-off location is pictured below. Sample submission forms and pens are available in the box. The box is checked daily.

University of Illinois Plant Clinic Contact Information

Website: https://web.extension.illinois.edu/plantclinic/

Email: plantclinic@illinois.edu

Mailing Address:

University of Illinois Plant Clinic

S-417 Turner Hall, 1102 S. Goodwin Ave.

Urbana, IL 61801

Phone: 217-333-0519

By Maria Turner

Listen to the audio version of this article

The Pesticide Safety Education Team has updated the reference guide for applicators who will use Dicamba on soybeans. Knowing that planting is approaching quickly this year, it is crucial to now become familiar with the requirements before it is time to spray and you find yourself in a time crunch.  Read the label closely and follow the additional state restrictions. Remember the last application of Dicamba on soybeans is June 20th or 45 days after planting or after R1 and there is a V4 cut off for Tavium. There is also a temperature restriction. Do not apply if the air temperature at the time of application at the field is over 85 degrees F or if the National Weather Service forecasted high temperature for the nearest available location for the day of application exceeds 85 degrees F. Wind speed and wind direction can impact the application.  If you use a wind meter, take a picture of the mph reading on the screen, so that you can use this for your label required record sheet. Please check out the link to the resource (

).

By Maria Turner

Listen to the audio version of this article

The 2020 fungicide efficacy tables for corn and soybeans are now available at the Illinois Field crop disease hub. These tables allow producers to study individual trials that have been done by plant pathologists across the United states for fungicides in corn and soybeans. There have been several additions in products and new diseases as well, including Tar Spot in corn. This can be a valuable tool for your 2020 growing season.

http://cropdisease.cropsciences.illinois.edu/?p=1060

Download, save, and share the 2020 March/April issue of the newsletter. 

The development and publication of this newsletter has been supported with funding from the Illinois Department of Agriculture.

Michelle Wiesbrook, Extension Specialist, Pesticide Safety Education

The Illinois Pesticide Review is published six times a year. For more information about pesticide safety or for more issues of this newsletter, please visit us at www.pesticidesafety.illinois.edu. You can also reach us at 800-644-2123.

Disclaimer: Mention of trade names in this newsletter is for general information purposes only and does not constitute endorsement of one product over another, nor is discrimination intended against any product.

Copyright © 2019, Board of Trustees, University of Illinois

We’re on Facebook! Follow us for updates on programs, news, and events.