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Grasses at a Glance

Learn how to identify Prairie Cordgrass

patch of cordgrass among cattails

While visiting a nature center in Missouri, I was excited to find that they included several native grasses in their landscaping, including Little Bluestem, Prairie Dropseed, and Big Bluestem. But one of the most abundant grasses they used throughout their parking area was Prairie Cordgrass. This grass is a tallgrass species, but it is less abundant than the three we usually talk about (Big Bluestem, Indian Grass, and Switchgrass). It often forms colonies, and planted in a large row to separate rows of parking, it added a great textural interest, as well as some fall color. 

Identification characteristics

Prairie cordgrass (Spartina pectinata) grows between 3 and 7 feet tall, with most of the foliage staying under 4 feet tall, and the flowering stalk making up the rest of the height. Cordgrass has a distinctive growth habit with its long leaves, often over 2 feet in length, arching towards the ground and tapering to a fine point. The leaves are very sharp, so take care when working around this grass. The ligule is a fringe of white hairs, located at the base of the leave blades where they start to wrap around the stem. 

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hand holding grass blade back to show ligule
Prairie cordgrass has a white hairy ligule.
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hand holding grass stem
The white hairs of the ligule can sometimes be seen at the top of the leaf sheath.

Prairie cordgrass flowers from summer to fall. Its inflorescences are racemes, with finger-like collections of spikelets along a central stem. The whole inflorescence is about a foot tall, and the collections of spikelets are a few inches long. The individual spikelets are awned. 

This grass spreads through rhizomes and often occurs in colonies. It prefers to grow in wetter areas, occurring in moist prairies, along bottomland forest edges, in ditches, and other similar moist areas. 

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monoculture of prairie cordgrass in bloom
Prairie cordgrass with flowering stalks.
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inflorescence of prairie cordgrass
Prairie cordgrass has a raceme inflorescence that is about a foot tall.
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inflorescence of prairie cordgrass
The raceme is made up of several finger-like collections of spikelets.
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inflorescence of prairie cordgrass
The finger-like collections are attached to the main stem by a small stalk. The anthers are pushed out of the spikelets in this photo.

Thank you for reading! Need a refresher on grass identification terms, like ligule and spikelet? Check out this blog post!

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ABOUT THE AUTHOR: Erin Garrett is a Natural Resources, Environment, and Energy Educator for University of Illinois Extension serving Alexander, Johnson, Massac, Pulaski, and Union counties. Erin develops and delivers high impact programming to adults and youth to help them develop an appreciation for natural resources and to empower them to make small changes to positively impact the environment. Erin’s programming focuses on why homeowners should consider choosing native plants, how to support native pollinators, how to identify grasses, how to identify and manage invasive species, and developing an appreciation for prairie ecosystems.